Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF)
Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) — a group of water-soluble compounds within the outer skin cells that attract and hold moisture, keeping the surface hydrated and supple. It includes amino acids, urea, lactic acid, and other humectant molecules derived largely from the breakdown of the protein filaggrin.
Key points
- NMF is composed of humectant substances such as amino acids, urea, lactic acid, PCA, and various salts.
- Much of NMF is produced as the protein filaggrin is broken down during skin cell maturation.
- It helps the stratum corneum retain water, keeping skin flexible and smooth.
- Low NMF levels are associated with dryness, tightness, and rough texture.
- Some skincare ingredients mimic or replenish NMF components to support hydration.
Frequently asked
What happens when NMF levels are low?
Reduced NMF can leave the outer skin layer less able to hold water, contributing to dryness, tightness, and a rough or flaky surface.
Can skincare replenish NMF?
Ingredients like amino acids, urea, glycerin, and lactic acid can supplement NMF components and help the skin retain moisture.
Related topics
This is a foundational entry in the SYNC Skin Encyclopedia and is expanded over time. Educational information only — not medical advice.
