Encyclopedia
How Ceramides Repair the Barrier
lipid molecules that make up a large share of the skin's outermost layer, where they pack together with cholesterol and fatty acids to form the mortar between surface cells. Replenishing...
How Ceramides Repair the Barrier
lipid molecules that make up a large share of the skin's outermost layer, where they pack together with cholesterol and fatty acids to form the mortar between surface cells. Replenishing...
How Niacinamide Works
a form of vitamin B3 that the skin converts into coenzymes central to cellular energy and repair, helping support the barrier and regulate several skin functions. It has been shown...
How Niacinamide Works
a form of vitamin B3 that the skin converts into coenzymes central to cellular energy and repair, helping support the barrier and regulate several skin functions. It has been shown...
How Vitamin C Works
a water-soluble antioxidant, most studied as L-ascorbic acid, that neutralizes free radicals generated by UV exposure and pollution while supporting the skin's natural collagen production. It acts as an essential...
How Vitamin C Works
a water-soluble antioxidant, most studied as L-ascorbic acid, that neutralizes free radicals generated by UV exposure and pollution while supporting the skin's natural collagen production. It acts as an essential...
How Long to Wait Between Active Layers
the short pause some people take after applying one product before adding the next, intended to let it absorb or, in a few cases, to allow the skin's surface pH...
How Long to Wait Between Active Layers
the short pause some people take after applying one product before adding the next, intended to let it absorb or, in a few cases, to allow the skin's surface pH...
Water-Based vs Oil-Based Layer Order
the general practice of applying skincare from the thinnest, most water-rich textures to the richest, oil-based ones so each layer can absorb before the next is added. Water-based products such...
Water-Based vs Oil-Based Layer Order
the general practice of applying skincare from the thinnest, most water-rich textures to the richest, oil-based ones so each layer can absorb before the next is added. Water-based products such...
pH-Dependent Actives and Layer Order
describes how certain ingredients need a specific pH range to work effectively, which can influence the order in which products are applied. Exfoliating acids, for example, are formulated at a...
pH-Dependent Actives and Layer Order
describes how certain ingredients need a specific pH range to work effectively, which can influence the order in which products are applied. Exfoliating acids, for example, are formulated at a...
