Free Radical
Free Radical — an unstable molecule with an unpaired electron that reacts readily with other molecules, potentially damaging skin cells, DNA, and structural proteins in a chain reaction. In skin, free radicals are generated by ultraviolet light, pollution, and normal metabolism, and are a key driver of oxidative stress.
Key points
- Free radicals seek to stabilize by taking electrons from nearby molecules, which can trigger cascading cellular damage.
- External sources include ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, and smoke, while cells also produce them during normal energy metabolism.
- In skin they can degrade collagen and elastin, contributing to visible signs of aging.
- Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals by donating electrons without becoming unstable themselves.
Frequently asked
Are all free radicals harmful?
The body uses some free radicals for normal functions like immune defense, but an excess relative to antioxidants leads to oxidative stress and cell damage.
How can I protect skin from free radicals?
Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen, antioxidant-rich skincare, and limiting pollution and smoke exposure can help reduce free radical damage.
Related topics
This is a foundational entry in the SYNC Skin Encyclopedia and is expanded over time. Educational information only — not medical advice.
