Encyclopedia
Retinyl Retinoate
a hybrid vitamin A derivative created by binding retinol to retinoic acid, designed to combine efficacy with improved stability and tolerability. It can deliver retinoid activity through more than one...
Retinyl Retinoate
a hybrid vitamin A derivative created by binding retinol to retinoic acid, designed to combine efficacy with improved stability and tolerability. It can deliver retinoid activity through more than one...
Retinyl Palmitate
an ester of retinol and palmitic acid, and one of the gentlest and most stable vitamin A derivatives used in skincare. It requires multiple conversion steps to become active retinoic...
Retinyl Palmitate
an ester of retinol and palmitic acid, and one of the gentlest and most stable vitamin A derivatives used in skincare. It requires multiple conversion steps to become active retinoic...
Retinal (Retinaldehyde)
a vitamin A derivative that sits one step away from retinoic acid, the active form the skin uses. Because it requires only a single conversion, it is generally considered more...
Retinal (Retinaldehyde)
a vitamin A derivative that sits one step away from retinoic acid, the active form the skin uses. Because it requires only a single conversion, it is generally considered more...
Eyelid Skin Concerns
a range of issues affecting the delicate skin of the upper and lower lids, including dryness, flaking, redness, irritation, and sensitivity. Eyelid skin is exceptionally thin and reactive, so it...
Eyelid Skin Concerns
a range of issues affecting the delicate skin of the upper and lower lids, including dryness, flaking, redness, irritation, and sensitivity. Eyelid skin is exceptionally thin and reactive, so it...
Under-Eye Fine Lines
shallow surface creases that appear in the thin skin beneath the eyes, often becoming more visible with age, sun exposure, and dehydration. Because the periorbital skin is among the thinnest...
Under-Eye Fine Lines
shallow surface creases that appear in the thin skin beneath the eyes, often becoming more visible with age, sun exposure, and dehydration. Because the periorbital skin is among the thinnest...
Vitamin K in Skincare
a fat-soluble vitamin, most often used topically as phytonadione, that is studied for its role in skin recovery and its traditional association with the appearance of bruising and under-eye discoloration....
Vitamin K in Skincare
a fat-soluble vitamin, most often used topically as phytonadione, that is studied for its role in skin recovery and its traditional association with the appearance of bruising and under-eye discoloration....
