Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone — a skin-lightening agent that reduces pigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase and decreasing the number and activity of melanin-producing cells. It is one of the most extensively studied treatments for hyperpigmentation, though its availability and permitted concentrations are regulated in many regions.
Key points
- Hydroquinone is a potent depigmenting agent widely regarded as a benchmark for treating hyperpigmentation.
- It works by inhibiting tyrosinase and reducing melanin synthesis within melanocytes.
- It is commonly prescribed for melasma and stubborn dark spots, often under medical supervision.
- Its sale, concentration, and over-the-counter status are restricted or banned in various countries, so local regulations apply.
Frequently asked
Why is hydroquinone regulated in some countries?
Concerns about side effects with prolonged or high-concentration use have led several regions to restrict or ban over-the-counter sales. In many places it is available only through a prescription or professional oversight.
How is hydroquinone typically used?
It is generally applied to targeted areas of hyperpigmentation for a defined period rather than indefinitely, often alongside sunscreen. Because of its potency and regulations, use should follow local guidance and, where required, a professional's direction.
Related topics
This is a foundational entry in the SYNC Skin Encyclopedia and is expanded over time. Educational information only — not medical advice.
