Encyclopedia
Penetration Enhancer
a substance added to a topical formula to temporarily increase how easily other ingredients cross the skin's outer barrier and reach deeper layers. Common examples include certain alcohols, glycols, fatty...
Penetration Enhancer
a substance added to a topical formula to temporarily increase how easily other ingredients cross the skin's outer barrier and reach deeper layers. Common examples include certain alcohols, glycols, fatty...
Encapsulation
a formulation technique in which an active ingredient is enclosed within a protective carrier or shell before being added to a product. This can help stabilize sensitive ingredients, control how...
Encapsulation
a formulation technique in which an active ingredient is enclosed within a protective carrier or shell before being added to a product. This can help stabilize sensitive ingredients, control how...
Osmolyte
a small molecule that helps cells manage their water balance and stay hydrated under stress by regulating osmotic pressure. In skincare, ingredients that act as osmolytes are used to support...
Osmolyte
a small molecule that helps cells manage their water balance and stay hydrated under stress by regulating osmotic pressure. In skincare, ingredients that act as osmolytes are used to support...
Isotonic
a term describing a solution whose concentration of dissolved particles matches that inside skin cells, so it neither draws water out of nor forces water into them. In skincare formulation...
Isotonic
a term describing a solution whose concentration of dissolved particles matches that inside skin cells, so it neither draws water out of nor forces water into them. In skincare formulation...
pH
a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is, expressed on a scale from 0 to 14 where 7 is neutral. In skincare it matters because the skin's surface...
pH
a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is, expressed on a scale from 0 to 14 where 7 is neutral. In skincare it matters because the skin's surface...
PHA (Polyhydroxy Acid)
a class of exfoliating acids often described as a gentler alternative to AHAs because of their larger molecular size. Examples such as gluconolactone and lactobionic acid exfoliate the skin's surface...
PHA (Polyhydroxy Acid)
a class of exfoliating acids often described as a gentler alternative to AHAs because of their larger molecular size. Examples such as gluconolactone and lactobionic acid exfoliate the skin's surface...
